RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is an edible plant in the Cucurbitaceae family. When extremely bitter, ingestion of bottle gourd can cause rapid onset diarrhea, vomiting, gastrointestinal bleeding, and hypotension due to release of a substance named cucurbitacin. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to increase physician awareness of cucurbitacin poisoning in order to facilitate accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. CASE REPORT: Five adult patients presented with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea within 5 to 25 min of ingesting cooked bitter bottle gourd. One patient developed severe diarrhea, hematemesis, and hypotension requiring hospitalization. All patients improved within a few days with intravenous fluids and proton pump inhibitors. To our knowledge, this is the first reported group of patients with toxicity due to ingestion of bottle gourd in the United States (US). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should be suspicious of cucurbitacin toxicity in patients who present with symptoms within minutes of ingestion of a plant in the Cucurbitaceae family. Patients should be asked if the plant tasted unusually bitter. The most common symptoms include diarrhea and hematemesis. More than half of patients develop hypotension. There is no known antidote for bottle gourd poisoning; treatment is supportive. Proton pump inhibitors should be given to patients with gastrointestinal mucosal injury.
Assuntos
Cucurbitaceae/intoxicação , Cucurbitacinas/intoxicação , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/etiologia , Idoso , Diarreia/induzido quimicamente , Hidratação , Doenças Transmitidas por Alimentos/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Náusea/induzido quimicamente , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico , Estados Unidos , Vômito/induzido quimicamenteRESUMO
A bilobed structure marked by TbCentrin2 regulates Golgi duplication in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. This structure must itself duplicate during the cell cycle for Golgi inheritance to proceed normally. We show here that duplication of the bilobed structure is dependent on the single polo-like kinase (PLK) homologue in T. brucei (TbPLK). Depletion of TbPLK leads to malformed bilobed structures, which is consistent with an inhibition of duplication and an increase in the number of dispersed Golgi structures with associated endoplasmic reticulum exit sites. These data suggest that the bilobe may act as a scaffold for the controlled assembly of the duplicating Golgi.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Complexo de Golgi/metabolismo , Organelas/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Trypanosoma brucei brucei/citologia , Animais , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/genética , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/metabolismo , Ciclo Celular/fisiologia , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/metabolismo , Retículo Endoplasmático/metabolismo , Retículo Endoplasmático/ultraestrutura , Complexo de Golgi/ultraestrutura , Organelas/ultraestrutura , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas de Protozoários/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/metabolismo , Trypanosoma brucei brucei/metabolismo , Quinase 1 Polo-LikeRESUMO
The new Golgi in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei grows near to the old and adjacent to the growing new endoplasmic reticulum exit site. Growth is now shown to be at least a two-stage process, in which a representative matrix marker (GRASP) and enzyme (GntB) are delivered to the site of assembly, followed approximately 10 min later by a COPI component (epsilon-COP) and a trans-Golgi network (TGN) marker (GRIP70). A secretory cargo marker (signal sequence-YFP) appeared early near the new endoplasmic reticulum exit site but did not enter the Golgi until the second stage. Together these data suggest that structural and enzymatic components of the new Golgi stack are laid down first, followed by those needed to move and sort the cargo passing through it.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Complexo de Golgi/fisiologia , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Trypanosoma brucei brucei , Animais , Transporte Biológico/fisiologia , Proteínas de Transporte/metabolismo , Complexo I de Proteína do Envoltório/metabolismo , Complexo de Golgi/química , Complexo de Golgi/ultraestrutura , Proteínas Luminescentes/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Trypanosoma brucei brucei/citologia , Trypanosoma brucei brucei/metabolismoRESUMO
Duplication of the single Golgi apparatus in the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei has been followed by tagging a putative Golgi enzyme and a matrix protein with variants of GFP. Video microscopy shows that the new Golgi appears de novo, near to the old Golgi, about two hours into the cell cycle and grows over a two-hour period until it is the same size as the old Golgi. Duplication of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) export site follows exactly the same time course. Photobleaching experiments show that the new Golgi is not the exclusive product of the new ER export site. Rather, it is supplied, at least in part, by material directly from the old Golgi. Pharmacological experiments show that the site of the new Golgi and ER export is determined by the location of the new basal body.
